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A mole (birthmark or nevus) is an accumulation of the skin pigment — a congenital disability or a benign tumor acquired through living. A mole can occur anywhere in the body, including the mucous membranes.

There are different types of birthmarks, and not all of them are safe and comfortable for their owners. Moles can be flat and convex, yellow and black, covered with hair.

Mole sizes range from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters in diameter. In some cases, nevuses become cancerous. You should be wary if you have moles after long exposure to the sun, or if they appear and disappear spontaneously and visit a doctor urgently.

Unfortunately, a mole is not only an aesthetic issue. It also may cause difficulties and severe diseases like skin cancer. Specialists recommend getting rid of a nevus if it:

• changes shape or surface structure
• causes discomfort
• becomes damaged and bleeds.

It is necessary to consult with a dermatologist and examine the mole with a dermatoscope to determine the possibility and surgical method. Unreasonable resection of all moles does not benefit health and can remain scars on the body.

Contraindications to the removal of nevus are:

• exacerbations of chronic diseases
• an unhealthy skin area around the mole
• cardiovascular diseases.

There are such techniques of the mole treatment as:

1. electrocoagulation or electrosurgery — moles removal is performed using a special surgical coagulator that affects the nevus with high-frequency current and simultaneously solders the tissue.
2. cryodestruction or cryosurgery — resection of the moles that are located only in the upper epidermis layers with liquid nitrogen.
3. laser mole treatment — a powerful light beam destroys cells of a birthmark and evaporates them from the skin.
4. radiofrequency mole removal — a method to get rid of nevuses using high-frequency radio waves.
5. surgical excision of a mole — the most reliable method, suitable for treatment of large formations excised with a scalpel and removed with a small area of surrounding healthy skin.

The healing process depends on the amount of the tissue removed — the larger the mole, the longer the healing. Doctors recommend not touching or tearing off the scab, and it must fall off by itself. The pink spot remains instead and must be protected from exposure to the sun. Using skincare with 50+ SPF eliminates the risk of new formations.

The healing skin area must be equal to the rest of the skin in color and structure; only then the recovery period finishes.

Surgical mole removal requires particularly careful follow-up care, as it is the most traumatic. If the operated area is damaged or bleeding, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The risks after the surgery vary according to the patient's features and the removal method — for example, bleeding, allergic reactions to anesthesia, and very rarely, nerve damage.

The most common complication is scar after the operation. Ask your doctor how to avoid or minimize an injury in the consultation.

• The surgeon cleans the operated area with alcohol or other suitable fluid.
• The local anesthesia is administered.
• 10 minutes later (the period when anesthesia starts to take effect), the doctor removes the mole.

Laser resection is the most popular method of mole surgeries. The laser treatment is available to apply for all body parts. This operation type is low traumatic, no scars remain. The local anesthesia is used.