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Najlepsze kraje do leczenia Rak nerki na świecie

Najlepsze kraje do leczenia Rak nerki na świecie to Turcja, Niemcy i Hiszpania — na podstawie 120k+ zapytań pacjentów i 158 zweryfikowanych klinik w ponad 50 krajach. Te kierunki oferują najlepszy balans jakości leczenia, doświadczenia specjalistów i przystępności cenowej, z cenami nawet do 95% niższymi niż w USA.

Oszczędź do

95%

w porównaniu do średnich cen w Wielkiej Brytanii lub USA

Dane z 158 zweryfikowanych klinik w 30 krajach
Kierownik działu marketingu treści

Jak to działa

Zmieniliśmy proces wyszukiwania kliniki, czyniąc go prostym, szybkim i spersonalizowanym.
Proszę odpowiedzieć na kilka pytańProszę wypełnić krótki formularz, aby opowiedzieć nam o swoim stanie zdrowia i potrzebach medycznych.
Proszę otrzymać spersonalizowane oferty3 kliniki, wybrane na podstawie Państwa odpowiedzi, przedstawią spersonalizowane programy i ceny.
Proszę wybrać najlepszą opcjęProszę porównać oferty i wybrać klinikę, która najbardziej Państwu odpowiada.
Mogą Państwo również przejrzeć wszystkie 158 klinik poniżej.

Najlepsze 5 krajów dla przystępnego leczenia Rak nerki: Porównanie cen i jakości

Miejsce w rankinguKrajŚrednia cena.Oszczędność względem USANajlepsze dlaDlaczego jest na tej pozycji
#1TurcjaFrom $1,200Do95%Robotic surgery packages with expedited access to JCI-accredited careHospitals utilize Da Vinci robotic systems and CyberKnife technology. Many facilities hold JCI accreditation and partner with Johns Hopkins Medicine, while surgical teams perform 2,500+ urologic procedures.
#2NiemcyFrom $4,500Do82%Organ-preserving surgery and robotic-assisted tumor removalGerman specialists prioritize organ-preserving operations. Centers certified by the German Cancer Society use Da Vinci robots and NanoKnife technology. Surgeons like Professor Eduard Becht have 40+ years of experience.
#3HiszpaniaFrom $3,500Do86%Minimally invasive robotic surgery and rapid access to immunotherapySpanish urologists performed the world's first transvaginal nephrectomy. JCI-accredited centers use Da Vinci robots for partial nephrectomies, while specialists participate in the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group to standardize cutting-edge protocols.
#4PolskaFrom $3,500Do86%
#5ILFrom $13,800Do45%Organ-preserving robotic surgery and rapid diagnosticsJCI-accredited hospitals offer 3D kidney reconstruction and robotic nephrectomy with 90% oncology success rates. Diagnostic cycles conclude within 4 days. Patients access specialists who led 30+ clinical trials.

Zastrzeżenie medyczne: Dane zweryfikowane przez Bookimed na dzień kwiecień 2026, na podstawie zgłoszeń pacjentów oraz oficjalnych ofert od 158 kliniki na całym świecie. Mediana kosztów opiera się na prawdziwych fakturach (2024–2026) i jest aktualizowana co miesiąc. Rzeczywiste ceny mogą się różnić.

Turcja: Najlepszy kraj do leczenia Rak nerki na świecie – od $1,200

Turkey provides rapid access to specialized kidney cancer care through centers performing 2,500+ urologic procedures. Patients benefit from high-resolution 3 Tesla MRI and digital PET/CT diagnostics. Surgeons focus on kidney-sparing techniques. These methods preserve organ function while removing tumors effectively at standardized clinical costs.

  • Surgical expertise: Surgeons like Dr. Volkan Tugcu have performed over 2,500 successful urologic operations.
  • Technological precision: Facilities use the Da Vinci XI system for minimally invasive robotic radical nephrectomy.
  • Global standards: Anadolu Medical Center maintains a strategic affiliation with the prestigious Johns Hopkins Medicine.
  • Certified quality: Top Turkish hospitals hold JCI and ESMO certifications for international oncology standards.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Turkey's healthcare landscape offers unique value through all-inclusive packages that integrate complex surgery with recovery. Some centers, like Liv Hospital Vadistanbul, include 6 nights in a 4-star hotel. This arrangement ensures patients have a stable environment for initial recovery. Such coordination is rare in other medical hubs.

What patients say: Patients note the speed of care is impressive, often going from discovery to surgery in 10 days. They describe the experience as less stressful due to VIP transfers and helpful translators. Many feel great relief at the professional hospitality and clean margins shown on follow-up scans.

Anadolu Medical Center
Hisar Hospital Intercontinental
Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital

Niemcy: Najlepszy kraj do leczenia Rak nerki – od $4,500

Germany leads in kidney cancer care by prioritizing organ-preserving surgery. Specialized centers perform partial nephrectomies to save healthy tissue. Patients benefit from a fast transition from biopsy to surgery. Multidisciplinary teams combine robotic precision with 3D imaging for accurate tumor removal. This approach maintains long-term renal function.

  • Surgical expertise: Professors like Dr. Andreas Gross specialize in nephron-sparing techniques to preserve kidney health.
  • Robotic precision: Centers like Asklepios Altona use the Da Vinci system for complex tumor resections.
  • Research integration: Clinics such as Nordwest offer anticancer vaccines and targeted therapies via research institutes.
  • Massive patient volume: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin treats 840,000+ patients annually with AI and digital imaging.

Bookimed Expert Insight: German university hospitals, like those in Dusseldorf or Aachen, serve as major research hubs. These institutions often provide earlier access to molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy protocols. While private clinics offer comfort, these large academic centers concentrate the highest number of specialized oncology departments.

What patients say: Patients note the system is highly efficient. They describe moving from diagnosis to surgery in just a few weeks. Many reflect on the detailed explanations provided by doctors and the professional coordination. They also highlight recovering quickly after robot-assisted procedures without any complications.

Asklepios Hospital Barmbek
Medical Center in Solingen
Nordwest Clinic (Krankenhaus)

Hiszpania: Najlepszy kraj do leczenia Rak nerki – od $3,500

Spain is a leading destination for kidney cancer care due to its concentration of surgical pioneers and rapid access to immunotherapy. The country integrates multidisciplinary tumor boards with robotic technology. This specialized approach helps preserve healthy renal tissue and shortens recovery times for international patients.

  • Surgical innovation: Experts like Dr. Antonio Alcaraz performed the world's first NOTES transvaginal nephrectomy.
  • Robotic volume: Major centers like Centro Médico Teknon utilize the Da Vinci system for kidney surgeries.
  • Research access: Clinics like Quironsalud Madrid offer patients opportunities for free treatment through clinical trials.
  • International accreditation: Leading hospitals, including Clínica Universidad de Navarra, maintain Joint Commission International (JCI) standards.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Spain's oncology landscape is unique because private networks often collaborate with US institutions. For example, Hospital Quiron Barcelona houses the Baselga Institute of Oncology. These American-Spanish partnerships provide patients with faster access to emerging protocols than many other European systems.

What patients say: Patients note they feel pampered with home nursing visits and specialized support from psychologists. They describe feeling relief over the multidisciplinary care and enjoy recovering in the sunny climate. Many highlight the easier access to immunotherapy clinical trials compared to their home countries.

Centro Médico Teknon

Polska: Najlepszy kraj do leczenia Rak nerki – od $3,500

Poland is emerging as a notable destination for kidney cancer treatment, with facilities like the Carolina Hospital, University Hospital in Krakow, and the Institute of Cybernetic Surgery Cyberknife at the forefront. The University Hospital in Krakow is renowned for its multidisciplinary approach and high-quality medical assistance, supported by excellent technical equipment. Meanwhile, the Institute of Cybernetic Surgery Cyberknife is distinguished by its innovative approach to cancer treatment, utilizing advanced technologies like the CyberKnife system, supported by a grant from the European Regional Development Fund.

Poland’s kidney cancer treatment success and survival rates are commendable, with the survival rate reaching significant percentages due to early detection and advanced treatment methods. According to a study, the 5-year survival rate for kidney cancer in Poland is approximately 70%. Innovative procedures such as robotic-assisted surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, laparoscopic nephrectomy, and targeted therapy are being increasingly adopted in Polish clinics. The Center for Monitoring Quality in Health Care in Poland plays a crucial role in maintaining high standards across these medical facilities.

Izrael: Najlepszy kraj do leczenia Rak nerki – od $13,800

Israel maintains a 90% oncology success rate through specialized surgical methods and rapid diagnostics. Surgeons perform complex robotic nephrectomies in under 3 hours. Local protocols prioritize organ preservation. Patients often access targeted therapies and clinical trials faster than in many other countries.

  • Surgical precision: Surgeons like Dr. Vladimir Yutkin perform robotic partial nephrectomies using three-dimensional kidney reconstruction.
  • Robotic expertise: Major centers like Assuta and Hadassah perform 34,000+ to 40,000+ surgeries annually.
  • Diagnostic efficiency: Complex oncology diagnostics often conclude within 4 days to allow immediate treatment.
  • Accreditation standards: Top facilities including Sourasky and Rambam hold JCI accreditation for patient safety.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Israel's oncology landscape is unique because senior specialists often lead global clinical trials. Doctors like Dr. David Sarid and Dr. Irina Stepfansky participate in phase I-III research. This provides patients with access to emerging treatments not yet available in other regions.

What patients say: Patients note that robotic surgery helps them recover quickly with minimal blood loss. Multilingual staff in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem make communication much easier for international visitors. Many appreciate the ability to start immunotherapy and targeted treatments sooner than expected.

Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov)

Wybór kraju do leczenia Rak nerki za granicą nie powinien być zgadywaniem. Pomogliśmy ponad 900 pacjentom, więc wiemy, które miejsca łączą najlepszych specjalistów, najbezpieczniejsze szpitale i przystępne ceny. Jesteśmy tu, by pomóc Ci znaleźć właściwy.

FAQ dotyczące leczenia raka nerki

To pytania od prawdziwych pacjentów poszukujących pomocy medycznej przez Bookimed. Odpowiedzi udzielają doświadczeni lekarze-koordynatorzy oraz oficjalni przedstawiciele klinik.

What are the primary surgical options for kidney cancer in Israel?

Primary surgical options for kidney cancer in Israel prioritize organ-preserving techniques like partial nephrectomy and robotic-assisted surgery. Surgeons at JCI-accredited centers like Sourasky and Hadassah perform these procedures using the da Vinci system. These minimally invasive methods typically result in faster recovery and 90% oncology success rates.

  • Partial nephrectomy: Removes only the tumor to preserve 90% of kidney function.
  • Radical nephrectomy: Full kidney removal for tumors typically larger than 7 cm.
  • Robotic-assisted surgery: Uses da Vinci Xi systems for precise excision and minimal blood loss.
  • Cryoablation: Freezes small renal masses as a non-surgical alternative for high-risk patients.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Israeli urology departments frequently utilize 3D-reconstruction imaging before robotic surgery to map delicate blood vessels. Dr. Vladimir Yutkin at Hadassah Medical Center has notably performed over 300 robotic kidney procedures using this precise 3D-planning. This technology helps surgeons perform nephron-sparing surgery even on complex tumors that might require full removal elsewhere.

Patient Consensus: Patients note that scheduling for robotic surgery is remarkably fast, often secured within 1–2 weeks. Many emphasize the benefit of remote second opinions to confirm if they qualify for kidney-sparing approaches before traveling.

What advanced systemic/biological therapies are offered for kidney cancer in Israel?

Israel offers advanced systemic and biological kidney cancer therapies through personalized protocols at JCI-accredited centers. Standard care integrates immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leading facilities like Sheba Medical Center also provide innovative cellular treatments like CAR-T and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.

  • Immunotherapy combinations: Protocols include Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab or Pembrolizumab with Axitinib for metastatic cases.
  • Targeted biologicals: Patients access newer agents like Savolitinib and HIF-2α inhibitors such as Belzutifan.
  • Cellular oncology: Sheba Medical Center utilizes CAR-T and TIL therapies to reprogram immune cells.
  • Predictive technology: Platforms like OncoHost help oncologists select the most effective drug combinations.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Israeli oncology centers like Sourasky achieve a 90% success rate by combining systemic drugs with robotic surgery. Dr. Zohar Dotan at Sheba Medical Center specifically focuses on organ-preserving techniques. This expertise allows patients to receive advanced biologicals while maintaining maximum kidney function through precision procedures.

Patient Consensus: Patients emphasize the importance of getting biomarker testing like PD-L1 early to access specific combination trials. They often note that Israel integrates these advanced global protocols faster and more affordably than many other regions.

What are the published success/cure rates for kidney-cancer treatment in Israel?

Israel reports exceptional kidney cancer outcomes with five-year survival rates reaching 95% for localized disease. Early-stage tumors under 4 cm show cure rates near 100% following partial nephrectomy. Specialized centers like Sourasky Medical Center maintain a 90% success rate across all oncology departments.

  • Early-stage survival: Patients with stage 1 tumors achieve nearly 100% cure rates via surgery.
  • Localized disease: Five-year survival for cancer confined to the kidney is 90% to 95%.
  • Regional spread: Survival rates for cancer in nearby tissues range from 60% to 76%.
  • Cryoablation efficiency: Minimally invasive freezing techniques show a 96% efficiency rate for small masses.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Israeli oncology excellence is driven by massive surgical volumes at centers like Sheba and Sourasky. Sheba Medical Center alone performs approximately 1,800 kidney-related surgeries annually. This high frequency allows surgeons like Dr. Vladimir Yutkin to pioneer advanced 3D-reconstruction robotic partial nephrectomies. Our data shows these high-volume centers consistently achieve better organ preservation than smaller international clinics.

Patient Consensus: Patients emphasize that robotic partial nephrectomy at top centers preserves over 90% of kidney function. Many stress the importance of genetic profiling before choosing between surgery and newer immunotherapy combinations.

How long do international patients typically stay in Israel for kidney-cancer surgery?

International patients typically stay in Israel for 10 to 14 days for kidney cancer surgery. This timeframe includes pre-operative diagnostics and surgical hospitalization. It also covers a mandatory recovery period. Surgeons require this stay to ensure patients are safe for international air travel.

  • Diagnostic phase: Pre-surgical evaluations and scans usually take 3 to 4 days.
  • Hospital stay: Robotic or laparoscopic procedures require 1 to 2 nights of hospitalization.
  • Open surgery: Conventional open nephrectomy typically requires 3 to 5 days of inpatient care.
  • Recovery period: Patients must remain in Israel for 7 days after hospital discharge.

Bookimed Expert Insight: While standard protocols suggest 10 days, data from high-volume centers like Sourasky Medical Center show complex cases often benefit from a 14-day stay. Surgeons like Dr. Vladimir Yutkin at Hadassah use 3-D mapping for partial nephrectomies. These advanced robotic techniques significantly stabilize recovery early on. Choosing a center with an on-site hotel, such as Sheba Medical Center, simplifies the mandatory week of post-operative monitoring.

Patient Consensus: Patients emphasize staying within 15 minutes of the clinic for the first two weeks. Many note that surgical drains might stay in longer than expected, requiring an extra few days before flying.

Which Israeli hospitals routinely perform robotic nephrectomy for international patients?

Leading Israeli hospitals including Sourasky Medical Center, Sheba Medical Center, and Hadassah Medical Center routinely perform robotic nephrectomy for international patients. These JCI-accredited facilities utilize the da Vinci surgical system. This approach offers high precision for complex kidney cancer cases while prioritizing patient safety.

  • Sourasky Medical Center: Ranked among the world's most advanced hospitals by Newsweek magazine.
  • Sheba Medical Center: Serves over 2,000,000 patients annually and pioneered robotic urologic surgery.
  • Hadassah Medical Center: Offers unique robotic partial nephrectomies using three-dimensional kidney reconstruction.
  • Specialist expertise: Dr. Vladimir Yutkin has performed over 300 robotic kidney and bladder surgeries.

Bookimed Expert Insight: Israeli oncology centers like Hadassah differentiate themselves through specialized technology like 3D kidney reconstruction for partial nephrectomies. This level of detail is rare. While many clinics offer standard robotic surgery, choosing a facility with 3D planning may improve the chances of saving healthy kidney tissue during tumor removal.

Patient Consensus: Patients note it is important to contact international departments directly to verify if a specific case qualifies for the da Vinci system. Many emphasize confirming the surgeon's personal volume of robotic procedures before traveling.

Is cryoablation an alternative to surgery for small kidney tumors in Israel?

Cryoablation is a primary non-surgical alternative for small kidney tumors under 4 cm in Israel. This minimally invasive technique uses extreme cold to destroy malignant cells while preserving healthy tissue. It offers an 88.7% recurrence-free rate for tumors reaching up to 5 cm.

  • Target tumor size: Most effective for Stage T1a renal masses smaller than 4 cm.
  • Recovery advantage: Patients typically return to normal activities within 1 to 2 weeks.
  • Hospital stay: Often performed as an outpatient procedure or requires only short-stay observation.
  • Success rate: Israeli clinical studies report approximately 90% success for small peripheral tumors.
  • Specialist expertise: Experts like Dr. Haim Matskin at Sourasky Medical Center specialize in cryotherapy.

Bookimed Expert Insight: While many patients seek cryoablation for its 95% safety profile, success depends heavily on tumor location. Data from top centers like Sheba and Sourasky shows that peripheral tumors are ideal for probes. Central tumors located near the renal pelvis often require robotic partial nephrectomy instead. Always confirm your tumor's exact position via CT before choosing this cold-based therapy.

Patient Consensus: Patients value how this procedure preserves kidney function much better than traditional surgery. They note that while 5% to 10% may need a second session, the lower complication risk is a significant relief.

Do Israeli centers offer participation in clinical trials for metastatic kidney cancer?

Major Israeli medical centers offer clinical trials for metastatic kidney cancer, providing access to novel immunotherapies and targeted agents. Facilities like Sheba Medical Center and Sourasky Medical Center manage extensive research units. These programs often prioritize stage 4 patients seeking innovative alternatives to standard care protocols.

  • Available phases: Centers conduct phase 1, 2, and 3 trials for kidney cancer.
  • Research focus: Trials investigate immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel biological antitumor targeted therapies.
  • Leading investigators: Prof. David Sarid and Dr. Irina Stepfansky lead oncology research at Sourasky.
  • Trial costs: Medications provided within clinical trials are typically free for eligible participants.

Bookimed Expert Insight: While many patients focus on large public hospitals, our data shows that specialized units like the Riva Koschitzky Oncology Clinical Research Unit at Sheba collaborate directly with MD Anderson in the US. This partnership often brings specific protocols to Israel before they are widely available in other international regions. This makes Sheba a primary destination for patients seeking the most recent western research standards.

Patient Consensus: Patients emphasize the importance of securing a performance status (PS) score and biomarker tests early. They note that even if you match the trial criteria, eligibility is strict and often excludes those with stable disease or brain metastases.

Dlaczego właśnie my?

Wasz osobisty lekarz-koordynator Bookimed

  • Zapewnia wsparcie na wszystkich etapach
  • Pomaga wybrać odpowiednią klinikę i lekarza
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Autor
Anna Leonova
Anna Leonova
Kierownik działu marketingu treści
Certyfikowany autor tekstów medycznych z ponad 10-letnim doświadczeniem, odpowiada za wiarygodność treści Bookimed. Posiada tytuł magistra filologii, przeprowadzała wywiady z ekspertami światowymi.
Fahad Mawlood
Redaktor medyczny, Data Scientist
Lekarz ogólny, laureat 4 konkursów prac naukowych młodych naukowców. Pracował na Bliskim Wschodzie. Były kierownik zespołu anglojęzycznych i arabskojęzycznych lekarzy-koordynatorów. Obecnie zajmuje się analizą danych i jest redaktorem medycznym strony.
Fahad Mawlood Linkedin

Wszystko, co trzeba wiedzieć o Rak nerki

Kidney cancer

Kidney cancer (kidney carcinoma) is a malignant tumor that occurs in organ cells. Male patients aged from 50 to 70 are subjects at higher risk of kidney cancer development.

Tumor affects one, much less often - both kidneys. 50% patients have renal cell cancer. In all other cases, malignant tumor develops in ureter, kidney pelvis. Kidney sarcoma is diagnosed in less than 10% patients.

Tumor cells develop in retroperitoneal space that шы poorly palpable. Early stages of the disease are asymptomatic. Tumor is often detected during scheduled ultrasound when it already has large size.

Typical symptoms of kidney cancer:

blood in urine (hematuria);

severe lumbar pain;

abdominal induration palpable during examination;

increased temperature and blood pressure;

podedema.

Kidney cancer diagnostics

Kidney ultrasound is the most available method but it does not provide an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, kidney cancer diagnostics should include a set of procedures:

  • Ultrasound of abdominal cavity and urinary system – defines changing of the shape, size of kidney and tumor location;
  • expanded blood laboratory tests (including oncomarkers) and urinalysis;
  • computed tomography (CT) with contrast – “golden standard” of kidney cancer diagnostics. It shows precise location, size of the tumor, depth of its growth into an organ and stages the diseases. CT also enables determining of metastases;
  • MRI is rarely applied for kidney carcinoma. It is used when CT is contraindicated;
  • biopsy – standard examination for cancer diagnosis. For kidney cancer biopsy is not always informative. Therefore, it is performed only upon doctor’s recommendation;
  • renal angiography, X-ray study and bone scanning – X-rays examinations aiming at determine metastases in lungs, bone tissue. It is carried out when CT with contrast is absent.

Kidney cancer stages: treatment and survival rate

Stage 1

At the early stage of kidney cancer a tumor sizes not more than 7 cm. It is located in the kidney and does not spreads into surrounding organs, tissues. Stage 1 is poorly diagnosed and has no specific symptoms.

Stage 1 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

  • Tumor removal with kidney preservation.
  • Radical nephrectomy – complete kidney removal. It can be performed in three ways: abdominal operation, laparoscopic or Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery.

81 — 90 %

After the treatment patients return to normal life with some restrictions concerning their diet and physical activities.

Examination of nephrologist/urologist is required every 6 months during 2 years after the surgery, than - once per year.

Stage 2

Stage 2 kidney cancer spreads into adrenals or pararenal fat. The tumor sizes over 7 cm but is located only in renal area. There is no metastases.

Stage 2 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

Removal of the kidney with adherent fatty tissue, sometimes with adrenals, adjusting vessels, lymph nodes.

74 %

После лечения пациент возвращается к повседневной жизни, соблюдая диету, режим.

20 % patients have a risk of metastasizing therefore they have to undergo diagnostics each 3 - 6 months, than — every year during 5 years.

Stage 3

At stage 3 kidney cancer tumor starts to spread into lymph nodes. There is no distant metastases. Cancer can spread into renal vein or vena cava thus causing complications.

Stage 3 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

Removal of the kidney with adherent fatty tissue, sometimes with adrenals, adjusting vessels, lymph nodes.

40 – 65 %

Regular examination – every 3 months during 3 years after the surgery. Than – one time per year.

Stage 4

Stage 4 kidney cancer is difficult to treat. It has multiple distant metastases, tumor expands quickly and aggressively.

Stage 4 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

  • Radical nephrectomy + surgical metastasectomy – removal of kidney and tumors in other organs.
  • Target and/or immune therapy
  • Chemotherapy

10 % – 14%

Treatment significantly prolongs patient’s life, increases its quality. Palliative treatment is applied for pains relieve.

Wszystko, co trzeba wiedzieć o Rak nerki

Kidney cancer

Kidney cancer (kidney carcinoma) is a malignant tumor that occurs in organ cells. Male patients aged from 50 to 70 are subjects at higher risk of kidney cancer development.

Tumor affects one, much less often - both kidneys. 50% patients have renal cell cancer. In all other cases, malignant tumor develops in ureter, kidney pelvis. Kidney sarcoma is diagnosed in less than 10% patients.

Tumor cells develop in retroperitoneal space that шы poorly palpable. Early stages of the disease are asymptomatic. Tumor is often detected during scheduled ultrasound when it already has large size.

Typical symptoms of kidney cancer:

blood in urine (hematuria);

severe lumbar pain;

abdominal induration palpable during examination;

increased temperature and blood pressure;

podedema.

Kidney cancer diagnostics

Kidney ultrasound is the most available method but it does not provide an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, kidney cancer diagnostics should include a set of procedures:

  • Ultrasound of abdominal cavity and urinary system – defines changing of the shape, size of kidney and tumor location;
  • expanded blood laboratory tests (including oncomarkers) and urinalysis;
  • computed tomography (CT) with contrast – “golden standard” of kidney cancer diagnostics. It shows precise location, size of the tumor, depth of its growth into an organ and stages the diseases. CT also enables determining of metastases;
  • MRI is rarely applied for kidney carcinoma. It is used when CT is contraindicated;
  • biopsy – standard examination for cancer diagnosis. For kidney cancer biopsy is not always informative. Therefore, it is performed only upon doctor’s recommendation;
  • renal angiography, X-ray study and bone scanning – X-rays examinations aiming at determine metastases in lungs, bone tissue. It is carried out when CT with contrast is absent.

Kidney cancer stages: treatment and survival rate

Stage 1

At the early stage of kidney cancer a tumor sizes not more than 7 cm. It is located in the kidney and does not spreads into surrounding organs, tissues. Stage 1 is poorly diagnosed and has no specific symptoms.

Stage 1 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

  • Tumor removal with kidney preservation.
  • Radical nephrectomy – complete kidney removal. It can be performed in three ways: abdominal operation, laparoscopic or Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery.

81 — 90 %

After the treatment patients return to normal life with some restrictions concerning their diet and physical activities.

Examination of nephrologist/urologist is required every 6 months during 2 years after the surgery, than - once per year.

Stage 2

Stage 2 kidney cancer spreads into adrenals or pararenal fat. The tumor sizes over 7 cm but is located only in renal area. There is no metastases.

Stage 2 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

Removal of the kidney with adherent fatty tissue, sometimes with adrenals, adjusting vessels, lymph nodes.

74 %

После лечения пациент возвращается к повседневной жизни, соблюдая диету, режим.

20 % patients have a risk of metastasizing therefore they have to undergo diagnostics each 3 - 6 months, than — every year during 5 years.

Stage 3

At stage 3 kidney cancer tumor starts to spread into lymph nodes. There is no distant metastases. Cancer can spread into renal vein or vena cava thus causing complications.

Stage 3 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

Removal of the kidney with adherent fatty tissue, sometimes with adrenals, adjusting vessels, lymph nodes.

40 – 65 %

Regular examination – every 3 months during 3 years after the surgery. Than – one time per year.

Stage 4

Stage 4 kidney cancer is difficult to treat. It has multiple distant metastases, tumor expands quickly and aggressively.

Stage 4 kidney cancer treatment

Survival rate. Rehabilitation

  • Radical nephrectomy + surgical metastasectomy – removal of kidney and tumors in other organs.
  • Target and/or immune therapy
  • Chemotherapy

10 % – 14%

Treatment significantly prolongs patient’s life, increases its quality. Palliative treatment is applied for pains relieve.

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