Prof. Giuseppe Speziale specjalizuje się w małoinwazyjnej kardiochirurgii, w tym w naprawie ubytków przegrody międzykomorowej. Pełni funkcję dyrektora ds. kardiochirurgii w wielu szpitalach i otrzymał nagrodę \"Top Doctors Award\" w 2021 roku. Dzięki bogatemu doświadczeniu w zabiegach zastawkowych i rewaskularyzacji mięśnia sercowego, prowadzi badania nad innowacyjnymi technikami kardiochirurgicznymi. Klinika działa w ramach akredytacji włoskiej służby zdrowia.
Założony w 1969 roku Ospedale Santa Maria w Bari jest akredytowany przez włoską służbę zdrowia i oferuje liczne usługi medyczne najwyższej klasy. Powstały jako klinika położnicza w latach 60. XX wieku, szpital nadal wyróżnia się jako centrum leczenia niepłodności, profilaktyki, diagnostyki i leczenia zdrowia kobiet . W szpitalu znajduje się Breast Unit, wielodyscyplinarna jednostka poświęcona profilaktyce i leczeniu raka piersi, która co roku leczy około 500 pacjentów.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/65c21044b9d74","title":"Recepcja i poczekalnia w Ospedale Santa Maria, nowoczesne wnętrze kliniki we Włoszech"},{"base_url":"clinic/65c2108d2ba8c","title":"Pokój pacjenta w Ospedale Santa Maria z nowoczesnymi łóżkami i udogodnieniami"},{"base_url":"clinic/65c210c59c447","title":"Gabinet mammografii w Ospedale Santa Maria Bari, lekarz konsultuje pacjentkę"},{"base_url":"clinic/67470a25e7e6e","title":"Poczekalnia w Ospedale Santa Maria z nowoczesnymi siedzeniami i roślinami doniczkowymi"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Włochy","id":127,"alias":"italy","iso_code":"IT"},"city":{"name":"Bari","id":1930,"alias":"bari"},"address":"Via Antonio de Ferrariis, 22, 70124 Bari BA, Italy"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":400,"year_foundation":1969},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5dfa1923639f0.jpeg","name":"Wybór pacjentów do procedury IVF","country_code":"UA"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5dfa1bc0599c8.jpeg","name":"Wybór pacjentów do podstawowego badania kontrolnego","country_code":"UA"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Prof. dr İbrahim Cansaran Tanıdır wykonał ponad 10 000 cewnikowań serca u dzieci w trakcie ponad 15-letniej kariery. Specjalizuje się w przezcewnikowym zamykaniu ubytków przegrody międzykomorowej (VSD), aby uniknąć operacji na otwartym sercu. Metoda ta wykorzystuje urządzenia z metalu z pamięcią kształtu, zapewniające trwałe rezultaty i umożliwiające szybszy powrót do zdrowia. Prof. dr Tanıdır stosuje techniki niewykorzystujące fluoroskopii, aby zminimalizować narażenie dzieci na promieniowanie. Pacjenci z zagranicy są objęci dożywotnią opieką kontrolną, obejmującą coroczne badania echokardiograficzne i ocenę aktywności. Był pionierem w stosowaniu procedur hybrydowych w leczeniu złożonych chorób serca w Turcji.
","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"techniques":"Przezcewnikowe zamknięcie, naprawa z użyciem łaty, metoda małego nacięcia, zabieg hybrydowy, cewnikowanie bez użycia fluoroskopii","good_fit_for":"Przezcewnikowe zamknięcie ubytków w przegrodzie międzykomorowej (VSD) typu mięśniowego","why_its_ranked":"Ponad 250 przezcewnikowych zamknięć ubytku w przegrodzie międzykomorowej (VSD) wykonanych przy użyciu cewnikowych implantów z metalu z pamięcią kształtu. Chirurg wykonał ponad 10 000 pediatrycznych zabiegów cewnikowania serca, będąc pionierem zaawansowanych technik interwencyjnych."},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8549,"alias":"prof-dr-ibrahim-cansaran-tanidir-pediatric-cardiology","name":"Prof. Dr. İbrahim Cansaran Tanıdır – Pediatric Cardiology","short_description":"Prof. Dr. İbrahim Cansaran Tanıdır – Kardiologia Dziecięca to specjalistyczna klinika zlokalizowana w Ataşehir w Stambule. Zespół koncentruje się na kardiologii interwencyjnej u dzieci. Lekarze leczą wrodzone wady serca przy użyciu metod cewnikowania, dzięki czemu wielu pacjentów może uniknąć operacji na otwartym sercu. Opieka obejmuje pacjentów w każdym wieku, od oceny płodu po okres dojrzewania.
Prof. dr Tanıdır przeprowadził ponad 10 000 zabiegów cewnikowania serca u dzieci. Jest pionierem zabiegów hybrydowych w leczeniu złożonych strukturalnych wad serca w Turcji. Zespół wykonał ponad 2000 przezskórnych zamknięć ubytków przegrody międzyprzedsionkowej (ASD), ponad 1000 zamknięć przetrwałego przewodu tętniczego (PDA) oraz ponad 500 zabiegów walwuloplastyki balonowej. Pacjenci zagraniczni często przyjeżdżają do kliniki z Mali, Kenii, Bangladeszu i Uzbekistanu.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6aa91c4e4886e","title":"Budynki kliniki Memorial Hospital w Stambule, nowoczesne fasady placówki medycznej"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aa91c50406aa","title":"Gabinet zabiegowy kardiologiczny w klinice Prof. Dr. İbrahim Cansaran Tanıdır z wyposażeniem medycznym"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_parsed_from_docs","value":true},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turcja","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Stambuł","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Küçükbakkalköy, Vedat Günyol Cd. No: 28-30, 34750, Ataşehir/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":7},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"Bahçeşehir University Hospital Medical Park Göztepe to wyspecjalizowany ośrodek kardiologiczno-naczyniowy w Stambule w Turcji. Jego oddział koncentruje się na chirurgii serca i zabiegach naczyniowych. Lekarze leczą chorobę wieńcową, tętniaki aorty i żylaki. Zespołem kieruje dr hab. Mehmet Ali Yeşiltaş, specjalizujący się w metodach małoinwazyjnych i wewnątrznaczyniowych.
Placówka informuje o ponad 13 latach doświadczenia klinicznego i chirurgicznego. Dr Yeşiltaş opublikował ponad 50 artykułów w czasopismach międzynarodowych i wygłosił ponad 30 wystąpień na krajowych i międzynarodowych kongresach. W diagnostyce zespół korzysta z ultrasonografii dopplerowskiej i angiografii TK. Wykonywane zabiegi obejmują EVAR, TEVAR i ablację prądem o częstotliwości radiowej. Po leczeniu wewnątrznaczyniowym większość pacjentów wraca do codziennych aktywności jeszcze tego samego dnia.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9941,"alias":"doc-dr-mehmet-ali-yesiltas","name":"Bahçeşehir Üniversite Hastanesi Medical Park Göztepe","short_description":"Bahçeşehir University Hospital Medical Park Göztepe to wyspecjalizowany ośrodek kardiologiczno-naczyniowy w Stambule w Turcji. Jego oddział koncentruje się na chirurgii serca i zabiegach naczyniowych. Lekarze leczą chorobę wieńcową, tętniaki aorty i żylaki. Zespołem kieruje dr hab. Mehmet Ali Yeşiltaş, specjalizujący się w metodach małoinwazyjnych i wewnątrznaczyniowych.
Placówka informuje o ponad 13 latach doświadczenia klinicznego i chirurgicznego. Dr Yeşiltaş opublikował ponad 50 artykułów w czasopismach międzynarodowych i wygłosił ponad 30 wystąpień na krajowych i międzynarodowych kongresach. W diagnostyce zespół korzysta z ultrasonografii dopplerowskiej i angiografii TK. Wykonywane zabiegi obejmują EVAR, TEVAR i ablację prądem o częstotliwości radiowej. Po leczeniu wewnątrznaczyniowym większość pacjentów wraca do codziennych aktywności jeszcze tego samego dnia.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6af6b1533b3fa","title":"Nowoczesna szklana fasada Bahçeşehir Üniversite Hastanesi Medical Park Göztepe w Stambule"},{"base_url":"clinic/6af6b15455fad","title":"Lekarz przegląda obrazy medyczne na ekranie w Bahçeşehir Üniversite Hastanesi Medical Park Göztepe"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_parsed_from_docs","value":true},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turcja","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Stambuł","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Merkez Mah. Darülaceze Cad. No:14, Okmeydanı – Şişli / İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":0,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":1},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Akredytacja Międzynarodowej Komisji Joint Commission International (JCI)","country_code":"US"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":23,"total_pages":3}},"promoSlots":[{"card":{"text":"Szpital Memorial Şişli oferuje wymianę zastawki mitralnej u dzieci z akredytacją JCI i zaawansowaną opieką kardiologiczną. Zabieg kosztuje zazwyczaj około 12 000–17 000 USD. Dr Bingur Sonmez, szef chirurgii sercowo-naczyniowej, kieruje zespołem z ogromnym doświadczeniem w pediatrycznych zabiegach kardiologicznych.
Memorial Şişli Hospital w Stambule to jeden z wiodących wielospecjalistycznych ośrodków medycznych w Turcji, zajmujący powierzchnię 53 000 m², z 252 łóżkami, 13 salami operacyjnymi i nowoczesnymi oddziałami intensywnej terapii. Otwarte w 2000 roku, było pierwszym szpitalem w Turcji i 21. na świecie, który uzyskał akredytację Joint Commission International (JCI), potwierdzającą światowe standardy jakości.
\n\nSzpital jest znany z ekspertyzy w dziedzinie onkologii, przeszczepów narządów i szpiku kostnego (90% skuteczności przeszczepów narządów), in vitro, neurochirurgii, chirurgii bariatrycznej, chirurgii robotycznej i genetyki. Wyposażony w najnowocześniejszą technologię i wyspecjalizowane centra, Memorial Şişli co roku przyciąga pacjentów ze 167 krajów, łącząc opiekę medyczną na najwyższym poziomie z unikalnymi możliwościami kulturalnymi i turystycznymi Stambułu.
\n","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/634ffae9b76cd","title":"Nowoczesny budynek kliniki Memorial Şişli Hospital w Stambule, Turcja"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9d874b8","title":"Pokój pacjenta w Memorial Şişli Hospital, Stambuł z nowoczesnym wyposażeniem i TV"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ba3aa9ebbdf9","title":"Pokój pacjenta i strefa wypoczynkowa w Memorial Şişli Hospital, Stambuł"},{"base_url":"clinic/634ffa7dd8799","title":"Recepcja w Memorial Şişli Hospital z nowoczesnym wystrojem w Stambule"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Turcja","id":46,"alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},"city":{"name":"Stambuł","id":107,"alias":"istanbul"},"address":"Kaptan Paşa Mah, Halit Ziya Türkkan Sok Famas Plaza No:19 D:C, 34385 Şişli/İstanbul, Turkey"},"rating":{"rating":4.6,"google":4.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":87},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":437,"doctors_number":189,"year_foundation":2000},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna ISO","country_code":"CH"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5cfa0ad8c533a.jpeg","name":"Akredytacja Międzynarodowej Komisji Joint Commission International (JCI)","country_code":"US"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}},{"card":{"text":"Heartline Clinics to prywatny program kardiochirurgii w Santo Domingo, Dominikana. Centrum specjalizuje się w złożonych operacjach serca. Kluczowe zabiegi obejmują pomostowanie aortalno-wieńcowe (bypass) oraz naprawę zastawek serca. Przeprowadzane są również operacje aorty oraz przezcewnikowe implantacje zastawek. Szef kardiochirurgii, dr Perelló, szkolił się w Hospital Felício Rocho w Brazylii.
Zespół chirurgiczny wykonuje 170 operacji serca rocznie. Raportują 100% skuteczność we wszystkich procedurach. Przypadki są rozpatrywane w ciągu 24 do 48 godzin w celu zapewnienia szybkiej opieki. Operacje odbywają się w w pełni akredytowanym szpitalu z całodobowym wsparciem oddziału intensywnej terapii (ICU). Większość pacjentów międzynarodowych pochodzi ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady i Wielkiej Brytanii.
","text_type":"short_description","best_texts":{"good_fit_for":"Operacja bez listy oczekujących z kompleksową opieką"},"additional_data":{"advertising_id":"8195:illness_kind:23"},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":60000,"price_to":60000,"currency":"USD","id":57020},"operation":{"id":1304,"name":"Wymiana zastawki mitralnej w pediatrii","alias":"pediatric-mitral-valve-replacement"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":8195,"alias":"heartline-clinics-ai","name":"Heartline Clinics","short_description":"Heartline Clinics to prywatny program kardiochirurgii w Santo Domingo, Dominikana. Centrum specjalizuje się w złożonych operacjach serca. Kluczowe zabiegi obejmują pomostowanie aortalno-wieńcowe (bypass) oraz naprawę zastawek serca. Przeprowadzane są również operacje aorty oraz przezcewnikowe implantacje zastawek. Szef kardiochirurgii, dr Perelló, szkolił się w Hospital Felício Rocho w Brazylii.
Zespół chirurgiczny wykonuje 170 operacji serca rocznie. Raportują 100% skuteczność we wszystkich procedurach. Przypadki są rozpatrywane w ciągu 24 do 48 godzin w celu zapewnienia szybkiej opieki. Operacje odbywają się w w pełni akredytowanym szpitalu z całodobowym wsparciem oddziału intensywnej terapii (ICU). Większość pacjentów międzynarodowych pochodzi ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady i Wielkiej Brytanii.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a3d8550594e6","title":"Nowoczesna szklana fasada Heartline Clinics z zaparkowaną karetką"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a3d9df2738ed","title":"Lekarz w garniturze ze stetoskopem w strefie konsultacji Heartline Clinics"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a4bdbda31a90","title":"Chirurg kardiochirurgiczny Heartline Clinics podczas operacji serca w nowoczesnej sali operacyjnej"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a4bdd50e69cf","title":"Sala dializ w Heartline Clinics z nowoczesnymi fotelami i sprzętem"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true},{"name":"is_hide","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Dominikana","id":185,"alias":"dominican-republic","iso_code":"DO"},"city":{"name":"Santo Domingo","id":2524,"alias":"santo-domingo"},"address":"Av. República de Colombia 71, Santo Domingo 10106, Dominican Republic"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":0,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":3,"year_foundation":2026},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}}],"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":23,"total_pages":3},"clinicsCount":23,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":23},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"card_text":"Prof. Giuseppe Speziale specjalizuje się w małoinwazyjnej kardiochirurgii, w tym w naprawie ubytków przegrody międzykomorowej, w szpitalu Ospedale Santa Maria.
Dr Giuseppe Speziale to kardiochirurg specjalizujący się w małoinwazyjnej chirurgii zastawek w Ospedale Santa Maria. Jest krajowym koordynatorem ds. kardiochirurgii w GVM Care & Research. Dr Speziale otrzymał nagrodę Top Doctors Award za swoje doświadczenie chirurgiczne. Współzałożył Mitral Academy w celu udoskonalenia technik rekonstrukcyjnej chirurgii serca.
Założony w 1969 roku Ospedale Santa Maria w Bari jest akredytowany przez włoską służbę zdrowia i oferuje liczne usługi medyczne najwyższej klasy. Powstały jako klinika położnicza w latach 60. XX wieku, szpital nadal wyróżnia się jako centrum leczenia niepłodności, profilaktyki, diagnostyki i leczenia zdrowia kobiet . W szpitalu znajduje się Breast Unit, wielodyscyplinarna jednostka poświęcona profilaktyce i leczeniu raka piersi, która co roku leczy około 500 pacjentów.
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Jest pionierem w dziedzinie robotycznej chirurgii serca z wykorzystaniem systemu da Vinci w Turcji.","linkedin":"","specialities":[{"id":"crl.003","name":"Chirurg sercowo-naczyniowy","illness_kind_id":23}]},"direction":{"id":23,"name":"Kardiochirurgia","alias":"heart-surgery"},"illness_kind":{"id":23,"name":{"en":"Heart Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":28,"max":84,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated patch closure via sternotomy; desk work resumes earlier than heavy manual work, with surgeon clearance."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Major in-hospital complications, e.g., pacemaker-requiring heart block, residual shunt, reoperation; varies by defect, age, center."},"contraindications":["Eisenmenger/fixed pulmonary vascular disease; reversible resistance needs operability assessment","Active systemic infection or endocarditis (usually deferred unless urgent)","Small hemodynamically insignificant defect without complications (relative)","Prohibitive comorbidity or anesthetic risk (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Uncomplicated primary surgical closure with cardiopulmonary bypass, including 1-2 days in intensive care."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking starts in hospital; strenuous exercise resumes about 6-12 weeks after surgery with clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Sternal healing and return to full activity; hemodynamic benefit is early, ventricular remodeling continues over months."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated discharge, counted from surgery, if no residual shunt, effusion or arrhythmia; requires surgeon or cardiologist clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check, examination, often ECG or echocardiogram."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Cardiology review with echocardiography for residual shunt, valve function and rhythm."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Longer-term cardiology review; later intervals set by the cardiologist."}}],"indications":["Moderate-large VSD with significant shunt (Qp:Qs 1.5-2+)","Heart failure caused by the defect","LV dysfunction or progressive LV enlargement","Shunt-related pulmonary hypertension with acceptable vascular resistance","Prior infective endocarditis attributable to the defect","Aortic valve prolapse with progressive regurgitation","Large perimembranous, inlet or outlet defect unlikely to close"],"main_risks":["Residual or recurrent VSD","Heart block, possibly needing pacemaker","Right bundle branch block and other arrhythmias","Tricuspid or aortic valve regurgitation from valve injury","Left ventricular dysfunction","Bleeding","Wound or sternal infection","Low cardiac output after bypass","Stroke or air embolism (rare)","Pleural or pericardial effusion","Perioperative death (uncommon)"],"pain":"Moderate to significant sternotomy pain for the first several days, managed with multimodal analgesia, easing over 1-3 weeks.","preparation":["Echocardiography, ECG, chest X-ray and blood tests","Catheterization for pulmonary resistance if needed; CT/MRI for complex anatomy","Anesthesia and surgical team assessment","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Medication review by cardiology and surgical team","Treatment of active infection and dental screening where relevant"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Intensive care","description":"Monitoring, ventilation weaning, removal of chest drains and pacing wires over the first days.","restrictions":["Bed rest and monitoring"]},{"phase":"Ward recovery","description":"Early mobilization, pain control, wound care and rhythm monitoring until discharge.","restrictions":["Avoid lifting and pushing with the arms"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1-6 after discharge","description":"Gradual increase in walking and daily activity as the sternum heals. 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Periodic cardiology surveillance is advised for arrhythmia, endocarditis and heart failure risk.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Reoperation for residual defect or valve problem after primary surgical closure; varies by defect type and center."},"scars":"Midline sternotomy scar of about 15-20 cm that fades over months; may widen or become hypertrophic.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One operation under cardiopulmonary bypass."},"stages":[{"code":"surgical_closure","label":"Patch closure on cardiopulmonary bypass","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Single operation."}}],"qualifier":"Primary single-stage repair; pulmonary artery banding is a separate palliative approach."},"success":{"metric":"Freedom from significant residual shunt or reoperation","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"Early to mid-term (hospital discharge to several years)","population":"Adults with isolated VSD after primary surgical patch closure","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Surgical patch closure on cardiopulmonary bypass (transatrial approach for most perimembranous and inlet defects)","suits_whom":"Most adults with isolated VSD; defects unsuitable for devices.","recovery":"Sternotomy and bypass; longer recovery than transcatheter closure."},{"name":"Perventricular (hybrid) device closure","suits_whom":"Selected perimembranous or muscular defects in experienced centers.","recovery":"Avoids bypass and sternotomy; usually shorter recovery than surgical closure."},{"name":"Transcatheter device closure","suits_whom":"Selected muscular or some perimembranous defects, residual defects, or prohibitive surgical risk.","recovery":"No sternotomy or bypass; usually shorter recovery and hospital stay."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for primary patch closure under cardiopulmonary bypass, excluding intensive care."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Transthoracic echocardiogram report with VSD size and location","Echocardiogram video clips","Cardiology or cardiac surgery discharge summary","Chest X-ray report","12-lead ECG report","Cardiac catheterization report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; hospital 5-10 nights, fly home about 2-4 weeks after surgery. Later cardiology reviews usually local."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team treating you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for examples of the practitioner's experience with the intended surgery","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Ask for examples of the practitioners’ experience with the surgery you are intending to have.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon you consult is the one who will perform the 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package","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Be wary of package deals which combine surgery with holidays – any decision to have surgery should be taken based on medical reasons only.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information guarantees complete success","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"Advice about the treatment comes from a travel agent or sales staff, not the treating 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