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Ponad 70 000 pacjentów z 32 krajów skorzystało tu z opieki. Centrum zapewnia kompleksowe leczenie nowotworów zgodnie z protokołami NCCN.</p> <ul> <li>Leczy wszystkie rodzaje nowotworów oraz stany przednowotworowe.</li> <li>Prowadzi badania kliniczne nad nowymi terapiami.</li> <li>Oferuje opiekę paliatywną równolegle z leczeniem.</li> </ul>","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":105,"alias":"cyber-clinic-spizhenko","name":"Spizhenko ​​Clinic ","short_description":"<p>Spizhenko Clinic to centrum onkologiczne w Kijowie na Ukrainie. Ponad 70 000 pacjentów z 32 krajów skorzystało tu z opieki. Centrum zapewnia kompleksowe leczenie nowotworów zgodnie z protokołami NCCN.</p> <ul> <li>Leczy wszystkie rodzaje nowotworów oraz stany przednowotworowe.</li> <li>Prowadzi badania kliniczne nad nowymi terapiami.</li> <li>Oferuje opiekę paliatywną równolegle z leczeniem.</li> </ul>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/5ec28bf4e527a","title":"Zewnętrzna część centrum onkologicznego kliniki Spizhenko w Kijowie, nowoczesny obiekt"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ec28d66c61ab","title":"Recepcja w Spizhenko Clinic Kijów z nowoczesnym lounge i naturalnym drewnem"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ec28da468822","title":"Gabinet radioterapii CyberKnife w klinice Spizhenko, Kijów, nowoczesny sprzęt do leczenia raka"},{"base_url":"clinic/5ec28de6eafb1","title":"Laboratorium w klinice Spizhenko z mikroskopem i sprzętem diagnostycznym, Ukraina"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraina","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kijów","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"21 Sovetskaya Street, Kyiv City Municipality"},"rating":{"rating":4.5,"google":4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":91},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":12,"doctors_number":0,"year_foundation":0},"accreditations":[],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"\n<p>Dobrobot to sieć prywatnych klinik wielospecjalistycznych w Kijowie na Ukrainie.</p><p> Centra medyczne specjalizują się w 75 dziedzinach. Główne z nich to onkologia, kardiochirurgia, chirurgia wewnątrznaczyniowa, chirurgia plastyczna, ortopedia i traumatologia.</p><p> Chirurdzy Dobrobutu wykonują ponad 11 000 operacji rocznie.</p><p> Rocznie leczeniu poddaje się ponad 330 000 pacjentów.</p>","text_type":"short_description","agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":5000,"price_to":9000,"currency":"USD","id":33936},"operation":{"id":97,"name":"Resekcja w przypadku raka wątroby","alias":"removal-of-liver-cancer"}},{"prices":{"price_from":39.83541852074921,"price_to":0,"currency":"USD","id":33854},"diagnostic":{"id":102,"name":"Konsultacja onkologiczna","alias":"consultation-of-oncologist"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":1591,"alias":"dobrobut","name":"Dobrobut Medical Network","short_description":"\n<p>Dobrobot to sieć prywatnych klinik wielospecjalistycznych w Kijowie na Ukrainie.</p><p> Centra medyczne specjalizują się w 75 dziedzinach. Główne z nich to onkologia, kardiochirurgia, chirurgia wewnątrznaczyniowa, chirurgia plastyczna, ortopedia i traumatologia.</p><p> Chirurdzy Dobrobutu wykonują ponad 11 000 operacji rocznie.</p><p> Rocznie leczeniu poddaje się ponad 330 000 pacjentów.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/618547228e206","title":"Recepcja w Dobrobut Medical Network, nowoczesne wnętrze kliniki na Ukrainie"},{"base_url":"clinic/618547064bd47","title":"Pokój pacjenta z nowoczesnym sprzętem medycznym w klinice Dobrobut Medical Network"},{"base_url":"clinic/618546c168f04","title":"Pracownia tomografii komputerowej z nowoczesnym sprzętem Siemens w klinice Dobrobut Medical Network"},{"base_url":"clinic/618546e815326","title":"Nowoczesna sala operacyjna w Dobrobut Medical Network z zaawansowanym sprzętem chirurgicznym"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraina","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kijów","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Simi Idzykovskykh St, 3, Kyiv, Ukraine, 02000"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":2500,"year_foundation":2001},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5db982e01da4b.jpeg","name":"Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna ISO","country_code":"CH"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}},{"text":"<p>Smart Medical Center wymienia akredytacje ESMO i ASCO oraz prowadzi własne laboratorium Smart Medical Lab, w którym wykonuje się badania onkologiczne. W skład wielodyscyplinarnego konsylium wchodzą chirurg, chemioterapeuta i radiolog, którzy wspólnie planują leczenie. Operacja może być przeprowadzona metodą laparotomii lub laparoskopii, a w miarę możliwości wykonuje się resekcję oszczędzającą narząd; chemioterapię można łączyć z operacją, w zależności od stadium zaawansowania i rozprzestrzenienia się nowotworu. Klinika stosuje protokoły NCCN i ESMO. Nie podano cen.</p>","text_type":"mt_wow_description","best_texts":{"good_fit_for":"Pacjenci poszukujący operacji raka wątroby z zachowaniem narządu"},"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"0"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":5039,"alias":"kateryna-test","name":"Smart Medical Center","short_description":"<p>Smart Medical Center to wielodyscyplinarna sieć medyczna w Kijowie na Ukrainie. Leczy zarówno dorosłych, jak i dzieci w trzech oddziałach. Kluczowe specjalizacje obejmują onkologię, chirurgię, ginekologię i proktologię. Klinika działa od ponad dziewięciu lat. Zespół liczy ponad 280 lekarzy i ponad 70 doświadczonych chirurgów. Około 30 pracowników posiada stopnie naukowe lub tytuły naukowe.</p><p>Sieć posiada 14 wyspecjalizowanych oddziałów, własne laboratorium oraz dedykowane zaplecze chirurgiczne. Diagnostyka obejmuje cyfrowe RTG, endoskopię na poziomie eksperckim oraz USG. Klinika posiada akredytacje ESMO i ASCO w zakresie opieki onkologicznej. 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Specjaliści prowadzą również szkolenia poprzez własną Akademię Medyczną kliniki.</p>","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f1c2610","title":"Główne wejście do Universal Clinic Oberig w Kijowie, nowoczesny budynek medyczny"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f379b5a","title":"Nowoczesna fasada kliniki Universal Oberig w Kijowie, Ukraina"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f53961d","title":"Nowoczesna fasada kliniki Universal Oberig w Kijowie, Ukraina"},{"base_url":"clinic/6a85b8f6a92f9","title":"Korytarz poczekalni w Universal Clinic Oberig, Kijów, z krzesłami i obrazami"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Ukraina","id":47,"alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},"city":{"name":"Kijów","id":109,"alias":"kiev"},"address":"Building “V” and “G”, Zoolohichna St, 3, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03057"},"rating":{"rating":4,"google":4,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":8,"year_foundation":2008},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d1129badf6c5.jpeg","name":"Certyfikat Europejskiego Towarzystwa Onkologii Medycznej ESMO","country_code":"CH"}],"agency_settings":[{"setting_name":"is_new","setting_value":"1"},{"setting_name":"kids_only","setting_value":"0"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":4,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":4,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":4,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":203},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"card_text":"<p>Dr Sergiej Odarchenko jest ekspertem w dziedzinie mięsaków i raka wątroby z _doctor_2033_years_ doświadczeniem chirurgicznym i 3 patentami medycznymi.</p><ul><li>Pełni funkcję Dyrektora Medycznego w Klinice Spizhenko</li><li>Członek ESMO, ASCO i ESTRO – wiodących towarzystw onkologicznych</li><li>Autor 50 artykułów naukowych na temat leczenia nowotworów</li><li>Wyszkolony w zakresie chirurgii rekonstrukcyjnej piersi i laparoskopii</li></ul>","doctor":{"id":2033,"alias":"sergey-odarchenko","name":"Sergey Odarchenko","clinic_id":105,"photo":"doctor/5ec7c92c6a6c8","first_year_working":2000,"created_at":"2020-05-22T12:44:16.000+00:00","short_description":"<p>Lekarz jest doświadczonym onkochirurgiem z 20-letnią praktyką, specjalizującym się w onkologii klinicznej i radioterapii. 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These tumors can disrupt normal liver function and can be life-threatening if left untreated.</p>\n\n<p>The liver is a vital organ responsible for <strong>various functions</strong>, including:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Filtering toxins from the blood;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Producing proteins;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Storing nutrients.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Liver cancer has <strong>two main types</strong> based on a malignancy location:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>🔺Primary liver cancer </strong>derives from liver cells;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>🔻Secondary liver cancer</strong> is a metastasis of a tumor from a different location.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><img alt=\"best liver cancer hospital in world\" src=\"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/_images_without_dir/6703cb68417dd.jpeg\" style=\"width: 400px; height: 500px;\"></p>\n\n<p>Primary liver cancer accounts for about <a href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/what-is-key-statistics.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">2% of all cancers</a> in the U.S. and affects <strong>twice as many men as women</strong>, with an average age of diagnosis at 67. It has <strong>two main subtypes:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🔬 <strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) </strong>is the <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877782122000479\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">most common type</a>, <strong>accounting for about 90% of all liver cancers</strong>. It originates in the primary type of liver cells called hepatocytes.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🔬 <strong>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) </strong>is a less common type that starts in the bile ducts responsible for transporting bile, a digestive fluid. The doctors call this type \"bile duct cancer\".</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Liver cancer can affect people of all ages, but it's more common in individuals with certain risk factors.</p>\n\n<h2>What Are the Risk Factors for Liver Cancer?</h2>\n\n<p>The main risk factors of primary liver cancer include having <strong>hepatitis B</strong> or <strong>hepatitis C</strong>. These diseases are destroying liver cells, increasing their chances for mutation. <a href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Several other factors</a> can increase a person's risk of developing liver cancer.</p>\n\n<p><img alt=\"liver cancer treatment cost\" src=\"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/_images_without_dir/6703cb74c7375.jpeg\" style=\"width: 400px; height: 500px;\"></p>\n\n<p>These include:</p>\n\n<h3>Cirrhosis</h3>\n\n<p>Cirrhosis, the scarring of liver tissue due to long-term damage, significantly increases the risk of liver cancer. When the liver attempts to repair itself repeatedly, scar tissue formation impairs its function and elevates the likelihood of emerging tumor cells.</p>\n\n<p>Patients with cirrhosis, regardless of the underlying cause, are typically under surveillance for liver cancer, as they are at a higher risk of developing HCC.</p>\n\n<h3>Lifestyle Factors</h3>\n\n<p>Liver cancer specialists claim that <strong>heavy alcohol consumption</strong> over time can cause liver inflammation and damage, leading to cirrhosis and an increased likelihood of cancer development.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Obesity</strong> is another critical risk factor, as it is associated with <strong>nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</strong> (NAFLD), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Additionally, <strong>smoking</strong> has been linked to a higher risk of liver cancer, as the harmful chemicals in tobacco can contribute to liver damage over time.</p>\n\n<h3>Genetic Factors</h3>\n\n<p><strong>Hemochromatosis</strong>, a disorder where the body absorbs too much iron, can lead to iron buildup in the liver, causing cirrhosis and increasing cancer risk. Another genetic disorder, <strong>alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</strong>, can result in liver disease, particularly in children and young adults, by causing abnormal protein accumulation in the liver cells, leading to cirrhosis.</p>\n\n<h3>Exposure to Toxins</h3>\n\n<p>Chronic exposure to certain toxins significantly heightens the risk of liver cancer. <strong>Aflatoxins</strong>, produced by a specific mold that grows on improperly stored grains and nuts, are a well-known carcinogen, particularly in developing countries with poor food safety practices.</p>\n\n<p>Plus, <strong>industrial chemicals</strong> like vinyl chloride, used in plastics manufacturing, have been linked to liver tumors. Individuals working in industries with chemical exposure or those living in areas with poor food safety measures are at a heightened risk for developing liver tumors.</p>\n\n<h2><strong>What Are the Symptoms of Primary Liver Cancer?</strong></h2>\n\n<p><strong>Early-stage tumor </strong>often presents with no noticeable symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, some potential signs and symptoms include:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Unexplained weight loss;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Loss of appetite;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Fatigue;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Nausea and vomiting;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Abdominal pain or swelling in the upper right abdomen;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Jaundice (<strong>yellowing of the skin and eyes</strong>);</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Enlarged liver (<strong>hepatomegaly</strong>);</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Dark-colored urine.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><em>*Please note that the symptoms mentioned above could indicate other conditions. Contact a <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/order-create/question-about-medical-entity/?clinicId=435&amp;type=messenger-priority&amp;button=sticky-bottom-btn&amp;illnessId=9\">Bookimed</a> coordinator to consult with a <strong>liver cancer oncologist</strong>. Our medical advisors are available to assist you, either online or offline, based on your preference.</em></p>\n\n<h2><strong>How Is Liver Cancer Staged?</strong></h2>\n\n<p>The <strong>Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer</strong> (BCLC) system is a widely used method. It categorizes liver tumors based on several factors, such as:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Tumor size and number of tumors;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Preserved liver function;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>Presence of vascular invasion (whether cancer has spread to blood vessels).</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The BCLC staging system has <a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/stages\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">five stages</a>:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🟡 stage 0: very early;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🟡 stage A: early;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🟡 stage B: intermediate;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🟡 stage C: advanced;</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p>🟡 stage D: end-stage.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h2>What Are the Treatment Approaches?</h2>\n\n<p>Every patient needs a personalized treatment plan according to the cancer's stage, severity of symptoms, etc. The National Cancer Institute recommends the following <a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">treatment options</a>:</p>\n\n<figure>\n<table>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Therapy</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Options</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Benefits</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Risks/side effects</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=removal-of-liver-cancer/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Surgery</a></p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Complete removal of tumor</strong> (hepatectomy), a portion of the liver (<strong>resection</strong>), or performing a <strong>liver transplant</strong> in suitable cases.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Removing the tumor in the early stages.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding organs.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Liver ablation</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>A minimally invasive technique that destroys cancer cells using heat, radiofrequency, or freezing.</p>\n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Radiofrequency ablation;</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Microwave ablation;</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Cryoablation, etc.</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Allows for faster recovery and fewer complications compared to open surgery. It can be effective for small, localized tumors.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Pain, bleeding, and infection.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=radioembolization-for-liver-cancer/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Embolization therapy</a></p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>This is for patients without metastases unsuitable for surgery or ablation. The doctor inserts a <strong>catheter into the hepatic artery</strong> to stop the blood supply of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Reduces blood flow to the tumor, potentially slowing its growth and minimizing symptoms.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Indirect damage of healthy tissues due to intended blockage of blood vessels.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=chemotherapy-for-liver-cancer/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chemotherapy</a></p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Drugs such as Gemzar or Eloxatin can be used to treat liver cancer. Although most chemo medicines do not have a significant effect on liver tumors, doctors use them in combination with other treatments.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Clears out mutated cells, controlling cancer spread.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Radiation therapy</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>The external device sends high-energy X-rays toward the damaged area.</p>\n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Conformal radiation therapy </strong>shapes the radiation beams to fit the tumor;</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Stereotactic body radiation therapy </strong>places patients in the same position every time to reduce damaging healthy tissues;</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Proton therapy </strong>sends streams of protons for effective tumor removal.</p>\n\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Quickly destroying the malignant area, reducing the potential of cancer spread.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Fatigue, skin irritation, and digestive problems.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=targeted-therapy/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Targeted therapy</a></p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Drugs like <strong>bevacizumab, cabozantinib, </strong>and<strong> lenvatinib</strong> attack specific tumor cells. They block critical proteins for cell growth inducing remission.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Selectively targets cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>High blood pressure, fatigue, and skin problems.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n</figure>\n\n<h2>How to Choose Treatment Based on Cancer's Stage?</h2>\n\n<p>Here's a <strong>breakdown of hepatocellular carcinoma stages</strong> alongside the suitable plans:</p>\n\n<figure>\n<table>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Stage</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Definition</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>BCLC group</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Treatment Method</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Localized</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>The cancer is confined to the liver.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>0, A, and B.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=removal-of-liver-cancer/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Surgery</a></p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Locally advanced</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>The cancer has not spread to distant organs but cannot be safely removed by surgery.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>C</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=chemotherapy-for-liver-cancer/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chemotherapy</a>, proton therapy, and <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/procedure=targeted-therapy/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">targeted therapies</a>.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Metastatic</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>D</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Palliative treatment strategy.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Recurrent</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>The cancer has returned after initial treatment.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>-</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<p>Combination of therapies, depending on the severity of symptoms and test results.</p>\n\t\t\t</td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n</figure>\n\n<p>Some patients opt to participate in <strong>clinical trials</strong>. They can benefit from testing a new drug for free or try out new experimental treatments.</p>\n\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\">What Countries Have the Best Liver Cancer Treatment Centers?</h2>\n\n<p>Choosing the right medical facility for liver cancer can significantly impact the treatment experience and outcomes. Here's the list of countries with the \n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->\n</style>\n<strong>best liver cancer treatment centers in the world</strong>.</p>\n\n<h3>🇹🇷 <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/illness=liver-cancer/\">Turkey</a></h3>\n\n<p><strong>Pros:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Affordability. </strong>Offers competitive pricing compared to many Western countries.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Advanced Technology. </strong>Equipped with modern medical facilities and technology.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Experienced Oncologists. </strong>The country has a growing number of skilled specialists in liver cancer treatment.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cultural Familiarity. </strong>It may be more comfortable for English-speaking patients.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Cons:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Language Barriers. </strong>While English is widely spoken in major cities, communication challenges may exist in some regions.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Infrastructure. </strong>While improving, the healthcare infrastructure in some areas may not be as advanced as in Western countries.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3><strong>🇮🇱 <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=israel/illness=liver-cancer/\">Israel</a></strong></h3>\n\n<p><strong>Pros:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Innovative Research. </strong>Known for medical advancements and cutting-edge treatments.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Personalized Care. </strong>Focuses on tailored treatment plans for individual patients.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>High Standards. </strong>Adheres to strict international standards of care.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Cons:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cost. </strong>Treatment in Israel may be more expensive compared to some other countries.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Language Barriers. </strong>While English is widely spoken, language challenges may exist.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3><strong>🇩🇪 <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=germany/illness=liver-cancer/\">Germany</a></strong></h3>\n\n<p><strong>Pros:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>World-Class Expertise. </strong>Renowned for excellence in medical care, particularly oncology.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Advanced Technology. </strong>Equipped with the latest medical equipment and facilities.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Comprehensive Care. </strong>Offers a wide range of services, including diagnostics, treatment, and aftercare.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Cons:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cost. </strong>The treatment costs are higher, especially for private healthcare.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Language Barriers. </strong>While English is spoken in many areas, language challenges may exist.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3><strong>🇪🇸 <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/illness=liver-cancer/\">Spain</a></strong></h3>\n\n<p><strong>Pros:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Pleasant Climate.</strong> Mediterranean climate can contribute to a positive recovery experience.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cultural Diversity. </strong>Offers a welcoming environment for international patients.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>High-Quality Healthcare. </strong>The country adheres to international standards of care.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Cons:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Language Barriers. </strong>While English is widely spoken in tourist areas, language challenges may exist in some regions.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cost. </strong>Treatment can be more expensive than in some other countries, especially for private healthcare.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3><strong>🇦🇹 <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=austria/illness=liver-cancer/\">Austria</a></strong></h3>\n\n<p><strong>Pros:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>High-Quality Care. </strong>Austria is famous for its robust healthcare system.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Beautiful Scenery. </strong>Can contribute to a positive recovery experience.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Modern Infrastructure. </strong>Has well-developed healthcare facilities and experienced professionals.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Cons:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Cost.</strong> Treating cancer in Austria would cost more, especially for private healthcare.</p>\n\t</li>\n\t<li>\n\t<p><strong>Language Barriers.</strong> While English is spoken in many areas, language challenges may exist.</p>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Choosing the \n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--{C}%3C!%2D%2Dtd%20%7Bborder%3A%201px%20solid%20%23cccccc%3B%7Dbr%20%7Bmso-data-placement%3Asame-cell%3B%7D%2D%2D%3E-->\n</style>\n<strong>best hospital to treat liver cancer</strong> is paramount for successful treatment. Look out for medical facilities with a proven track record in liver cancer care and positive patient reviews.</p>\n\n<p><em>If you're running out of time and want to find the </em>\n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->\n</style>\n<strong><em>best hospital for liver cancer</em></strong><em>, contact the </em><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Bookimed</em></a><em> coordinator. We'll find the cancer center based on your history and symptoms. </em></p>\n\n<h2>How to Find the Best Oncologist for Liver Cancer?</h2>\n\n<p data-sourcepos=\"7:1-7:220\">When facing a diagnosis of liver cancer, selecting the best possible treatment center is paramount. The right choice can significantly impact your treatment experience and outcomes. Here are some key factors to consider:</p>\n\n<p data-sourcepos=\"9:1-9:29\"><strong>Expertise and Experience:</strong></p>\n\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"11:1-14:0\">\n\t<li data-sourcepos=\"11:1-11:163\"><strong>Specialization in Liver Cancer. </strong>These specialists have in-depth knowledge and experience in managing this complex disease.</li>\n\t<li data-sourcepos=\"12:1-12:112\"><strong>Number of Cases. </strong>Consider oncologists with a history of successful outcomes in <strong>liver cancer treatment</strong>.</li>\n\t<li data-sourcepos=\"13:1-14:0\"><strong>Board-Certified Specialists. </strong>The <strong>best liver cancer doctors</strong> should have board certifications in medical oncology and be accredited by reputable organizations, such as the <a href=\"https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Joint Commission International </a>(JCI).</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The best doctors work at renowned medical centers. Remember that Bookimed can also advise the \n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->\n</style>\n<strong>best place to treat liver cancer</strong> based on your individual history. Contact <a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/order-create/?clinicId=435&amp;type=messenger-priority&amp;button=sticky-bottom-btn&amp;illnessId=9\">us</a> for more information.</p>\n\n<h2>References</h2>\n\n<p>Key Statistics About Liver Cancer. Information and Resources about Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin | American Cancer Society. URL:<a href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/what-is-key-statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\"> https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/what-is-key-statistics.html</a> (date of access: 04.10.2024).</p>\n\n<p>Liver Cancer Risk Factors | Risk of Liver Cancer. Information and Resources about Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin | American Cancer Society. URL:<a href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html\" target=\"_blank\"> https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html</a> (date of access: 04.10.2024).</p>\n\n<p>Liver Cancer Treatment. Comprehensive Cancer Information - NCI. URL:<a href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment\" target=\"_blank\"> https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment</a> (date of access: 04.10.2024).</p>\n\n<p>Prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Spanish university hospital. Cancer Epidemiology. URL:<a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877782122000479\" target=\"_blank\"> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877782122000479</a> (date of access 04.10.2024)</p>\n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->\n</style>\n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->\n</style>"},"txt_price":{"text":"<p>The cost of liver cancer treatment can range from $13,550 to $33,660:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/illness=liver-cancer/\">Turkey</a>: CyberKnife from $5,630 to $8,070, NanoKnife from $6,380 to $11,520, Proton-beam therapy from $10,000 to $50,000.</li><li><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=israel/illness=liver-cancer/\">Israel</a>: CyberKnife from $11,100 to $18,600, NanoKnife from $10,500 to $21,700, Proton-beam therapy from $30,000 to $100,000.</li><li><a href=\"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=republic-of-korea/illness=liver-cancer/\">South Korea</a>: CyberKnife from $4,800 to $9,400, Proton-beam therapy from $30,000 to $50,000.</li></ul><p>The doctor will determine the total treatment cost based on your needs and past treatments. You may not need to redo previous tests, which could save money.</p>"},"guide_mc":{"text":"<p>Arrival</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arrange for delivery to chosen clinic or hotel.</li>\n<li>Complete all necessary paperwork.</li>\n<li>Settle into your clinic or hotel accommodation.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Diagnostics</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a full medical examination.</li>\n<li>Perform blood tests to determine liver function.</li>\n<li>Perform an ultrasound or CT scan to view the liver.</li>\n<li>Carry out biopsy if necessary to confirm diagnosis.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Treatment plan development</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss diagnosis and prognosis.</li>\n<li>Consider various treatment options.</li>\n<li>Develop a personalized treatment plan.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Treatment</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begin with surgery if the cancer is in an operable stage.</li>\n<li>Administer chemotherapy or radiation therapy as necessary.</li>\n<li>Provide targeted therapy or immunotherapy.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Follow-up</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitor patient\"s response to treatment.</li>\n<li>Make necessary treatment adjustments.</li>\n<li>Conduct regular check-ups to prevent recurrence.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Rehabilitation</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide physical and occupational therapy to regain strength.</li>\n<li>Provide nutritional counseling.</li>\n<li>Offer psychological support to manage emotional well-being.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><i>The diagnostic and treatment plan for liver cancer is highly individual and can only be determined by your doctor. Other diagnostic measures like MRI and PET scans may also be used. Additional treatment options like liver transplant, ablation therapies, or clinical trials may also be considered.</i></p>"}}},"relations":{"countries":[{"name":"Austria","alias":"austria","iso_code":"AT"},{"name":"Bułgaria","alias":"bulgaria","iso_code":"BG"},{"name":"Chiny","alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},{"name":"Cypr","alias":"cyprus","iso_code":"CY"},{"name":"Czechia","alias":"czech-republic","iso_code":"CZ"},{"name":"Dominikana","alias":"dominican-republic","iso_code":"DO"},{"name":"Egipt","alias":"egypt","iso_code":"EG"},{"name":"Grecja","alias":"greece","iso_code":"GR"},{"name":"Hiszpania","alias":"spain","iso_code":"ES"},{"name":"Indie","alias":"india","iso_code":"IN"},{"name":"Izrael","alias":"israel","iso_code":"IL"},{"name":"Japonia","alias":"japan","iso_code":"JP"},{"name":"Malezja","alias":"malaysia","iso_code":"MY"},{"name":"Meksyk","alias":"mexico","iso_code":"MX"},{"name":"Niemcy","alias":"germany","iso_code":"DE"},{"name":"Republika Korei","alias":"republic-of-korea","iso_code":"KR"},{"name":"Rumunia","alias":"romania","iso_code":"RO"},{"name":"Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki","alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},{"name":"Szwajcaria","alias":"switzerland","iso_code":"CH"},{"name":"Tajlandia","alias":"thailand","iso_code":"TH"},{"name":"Turcja","alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},{"name":"Ukraina","alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"},{"name":"Wielka Brytania","alias":"united-kingdom","iso_code":"GB"},{"name":"Włochy","alias":"italy","iso_code":"IT"},{"name":"ZEA","alias":"united-arab-emirates","iso_code":"AE"},{"name":"Łotwa","alias":"latvia","iso_code":"LV"}],"cities":[{"name":"Kijów","alias":"kiev"},{"name":"Iwano-Frankiwsk","alias":"ivano-frankivsk"},{"name":"Odessa","alias":"odessa"}],"operations":[{"name":"Terapia celowana","alias":"targeted-therapy"},{"name":"Radioterapia przy guzie mózgu","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-brain-cancer"},{"name":"Resekcja odbytnicy","alias":"rectal-resection"},{"name":"TrueBeam","alias":"truebeam"},{"name":"Radioterapia raka odbytnicy","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-colorectal-cancer"},{"name":"Radioterapia w raku jelita","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-bowel-cancer"},{"name":"Radioterapia przy mięsakach","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-soft-tissue-sarcomas"},{"name":"Radioterapia przy raku jajnika","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-ovarian-cancer"},{"name":"Mastektomia","alias":"mastectomy"},{"name":"Chemioterapia","alias":"chemotherapy"},{"name":"Laparoskopowe usunięcie nerki","alias":"laparoscopic-nephrectomy"},{"name":"Usunięcie nerki","alias":"nephrectomy"},{"name":"Radioterapia","alias":"radiotherapy"},{"name":"Terapia biologiczna","alias":"biological-therapy"},{"name":"Hormonterapia","alias":"hormonal-therapy"},{"name":"Histerektomia (usunięcie macicy)","alias":"hysterectomy"},{"name":"Stereotaktyczna radiochirurgia","alias":"stereotaxic-surgery"},{"name":"Terapia deprywacyjna androgenowa","alias":"androgen-deprivation-therapy"},{"name":"Radiochirurgia guza mózgu","alias":"radiosurgery-of-a-brain-tumor"},{"name":"Radioterapia nowotworów mózgu","alias":"radiation-therapy-for-brain-tumor"},{"name":"CyberKnife przy nowotworach mózgu","alias":"cyberknife-for-brain-tumor"},{"name":"Radioterapia przy raku płuc","alias":"radiotherapy-for-lung-cancer"},{"name":"Terapia hormonalna raka prostaty","alias":"hormone-therapy-for-prostate-cancer"},{"name":"Terapia protonowa w raku prostaty","alias":"proton-therapy-for-prostate-cancer"},{"name":"Resekcja tarczycy","alias":"thyroid-resection"},{"name":"TURP (przezcewkowa resekcja prostaty)","alias":"transurethral-resection-of-the-prostate-turp"},{"name":"Subtotalna tyreoidektomia","alias":"subtotal-thyroidectomy"},{"name":"Resekcja w przypadku raka wątroby","alias":"removal-of-liver-cancer"},{"name":"Operacja raka jelita grubego","alias":"removal-of-colon-cancer"},{"name":"Usunięcie guza mózgu","alias":"removal-of-the-brain-tumor"},{"name":"Brachyterapia","alias":"brachytherapy"},{"name":"Zogniskowana ablacja ultradźwiękowa (HIFU)","alias":"high-intensity-focused-ultrasound-ablation-hifu"},{"name":"Prostatektomia","alias":"prostatectomy"},{"name":"Terapia protonowa","alias":"proton-beam-therapy"},{"name":"Ablacja radiofrekwencyjna","alias":"radiofrequency-ablation"},{"name":"Usunięcie guza rdzenia kręgowego","alias":"removal-of-spinal-cord-tumor"},{"name":"Usunięcie czerniaka","alias":"melanoma-surgery"},{"name":"Operacja raka żołądka","alias":"gastrectomy"},{"name":"Ezofagektomia","alias":"esophagectomy"},{"name":"Resekcja jelita cienkiego","alias":"small-intestine-surgery"},{"name":"Operacja raka piersi","alias":"operation-on-breast-cancer"},{"name":"Trachelektomia","alias":"trachelectomy-cervicectomy"},{"name":"Immunoterapia","alias":"immunotherapy"},{"name":"Lumpektronomia","alias":"lumpectomy"},{"name":"Hipec (Hipertermiczna Chemioterapia Dootrzewnowa)","alias":"hyperthermic-intraperitoneal-chemotherapy"},{"name":"Owariektomia","alias":"oophorectomy"},{"name":"Procedura Whipple’a","alias":"whipple-surgery"},{"name":"Orchidektomia","alias":"orchiectomy"},{"name":"Lymphadenektomia","alias":"lymphadenectomy"},{"name":"Dystalna pankreatektomia","alias":"distal-pancreatectomy"},{"name":"Terapia miejscowa czerniaka","alias":"topical-therapy-of-melanoma"},{"name":"Operacja mikroskopowa metodą Mohsa","alias":"mohs-surgery"},{"name":"Szerokie wycięcie czerniaka","alias":"wide-excision-of-melanoma"},{"name":"Chirurgia laserowa przy raku szyjki macicy","alias":"laser-surgery"},{"name":"Lobektomia (usunięcie płata płuca)","alias":"lobectomy"},{"name":"Operacja Wertheima","alias":"the-wertheim-meigs-operation"},{"name":"Operacja raka płuc","alias":"lung-cancer-surgery"},{"name":"Kriodestrukcja","alias":"cryodestruction"},{"name":"Usunięcie pęcherza moczowego","alias":"rezekcia-mocevogo-puzyra"},{"name":"Immunoterapia BCG","alias":"bcz-terapia"},{"name":"Laryngektomia","alias":"laryngectomy"},{"name":"Klinowa resekcja płuca","alias":"wedge-resection"},{"name":"Pneumonektomia (pulmonektomia)","alias":"pneumonectomy"},{"name":"Krioterapia","alias":"cryotherapy"},{"name":"Resekcja kości","alias":"resection-of-the-bone"},{"name":"Usunięcie polipów przewodu pokarmowego","alias":"polypectomy"},{"name":"Kolektomia (resekcja jelita grubego)","alias":"colectomy-large-bowel-resection"},{"name":"Resekcja wątroby","alias":"liver-resection"},{"name":"Kompleksowe leczenie raka tarczycy","alias":"complex-treatment-of-thyroid-cancer"},{"name":"Hemipelektomia","alias":"hemipelvectomy"},{"name":"Usunięcie guza jądra","alias":"removal-of-tumor-of-testicle"},{"name":"Usunięcie guza trzustki","alias":"enucleation-of-tumor-on-pancreas"},{"name":"Immunoterapia Keytruda (Pembrolizumab)","alias":"keytruda"},{"name":"Laparoskopowa całkowita mezorektomektomia","alias":"laparoscopic-mesorectumrctonomy"},{"name":"Chirurgia laserowa raka krtani","alias":"laser-surgery-for-laryngeal-cancer"},{"name":"Usunięcie glejaka","alias":"resection-of-glioma"},{"name":"Usunięcie glejaka wielopostaciowego","alias":"resection-of-glioblastoma"},{"name":"Tymektomia","alias":"thymectomy"},{"name":"Usunięcie guza u podstawy czaszki","alias":"excision-of-skull-base-tumor"},{"name":"Terapia HIFU przy raku prostaty","alias":"hifu-for-prostate-cancer-treatment"},{"name":"Brachyterapia przy raku prostaty","alias":"brachytherapy-for-prostate-cancer"},{"name":"Tyreoidektomia","alias":"thyroidectomy"},{"name":"Ablacja radiofrekwencyjna wątroby (RFA wątroby)","alias":"radiofrequency-ablation-of-the-liver"},{"name":"Chemioterapia przy raku wątroby","alias":"chemotherapy-for-liver-cancer"},{"name":"Chemoembolizacja wątroby","alias":"chemoembolization-of-the-liver"},{"name":"Chemioterapia raka krtani","alias":"chemotherapy-for-larynx-cancer"},{"name":"Operacja raka krtani","alias":"throat-cancer-operation"},{"name":"Operacja raka języka","alias":"tongue-cancer-surgery"},{"name":"Laparoskopowa prostatektomia","alias":"laparoscopic-prostatectomy"},{"name":"Resekcja segmentowa płuca","alias":"lung-segmentectomy"},{"name":"Chemioterapia raka płuc","alias":"chemotherapy-for-lung-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia raka prostaty","alias":"chemotherapy-for-prostate-cancer"},{"name":"Immunoterapia raka prostaty","alias":"immunotherapy-for-prostate-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia raka macicy","alias":"chemotherapy-for-uterine-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia w raku trzustki","alias":"chemotherapy-for-pancreatic-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia w raku pęcherza moczowego","alias":"chemotherapy-for-gallbladder-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia w raku piersi","alias":"chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer"},{"name":"Chemioterapia raka jajnika","alias":"chemotherapy-for-ovarian-cancer"},{"name":"Immunoterapia raka płuc","alias":"immunotherapy-for-lung-cancer"},{"name":"Immunoterapia raka piersi","alias":"immunotherapy-for-breast-cancer"}],"diagnostics":[{"name":"Mammografia z tomosyntezą","alias":"tomosynthesis"},{"name":"Mammografia","alias":"mammography"},{"name":"TK (tomografia komputerowa)","alias":"ct"},{"name":"Kompleksowa diagnostyka patologii jelita grubego","alias":"comprehensive-diagnosis-of-solorectal-pathology"},{"name":"Kolonoskopia z biopsją","alias":"colonoscopy-with-biopsy-or-removal-of-1-polyp"},{"name":"MRI jednego przekroju","alias":"mri-one-department"},{"name":"Konsultacja z przygotowaniem planu leczenia","alias":"consultation-with-creation-of-treatment-plan"},{"name":"Konsultacja radiologiczna","alias":"consultation-radiologist"},{"name":"Badanie onkologiczne","alias":"screening-for-cancer"},{"name":"Analiza biochemiczna krwi","alias":"biochemical-analysis-of-blood"},{"name":"Immunohistochemia","alias":"immunohistochemistry"},{"name":"Badanie mutacji genów KRAS, NRAS, BRAF","alias":"kras-nrasbraf-mutation-testing"},{"name":"Kompleksowa diagnostyka raka pęcherza moczowego","alias":"bladder-cancer-complex-diagnosis"},{"name":"Marker nowotworowy CA 19-9","alias":"tumor-marker-ca-19-9"},{"name":"Marker nowotworowy CA 15-3","alias":"tumor-marker-ca-15-3"},{"name":"Badanie krwi PSA","alias":"psa-test"},{"name":"MRI całego ciała","alias":"whole-body-mri"},{"name":"Konsultacja z hepatologiem","alias":"consultation-of-a-hepatologist"},{"name":"Kolonoskopia ","alias":"colonoscopy"},{"name":"Gastroskopia z biopsją","alias":"gastroscopy--biopsy"},{"name":"Biopsja ","alias":"biopsy"},{"name":"Konsultacja z mammologiem","alias":"consultation-mammalogy"},{"name":"TK klatki piersiowej, jamy brzusznej i narządów miednicy mniejszej","alias":"ct-of-three-cavities"},{"name":"USG przezodbytnicze","alias":"transrectal-ultrasound-trus"},{"name":"Tomografia komputerowa całego ciała","alias":"ct-scan-of-the-whole-body"},{"name":"Tomografia komputerowa klatki piersiowej","alias":"ct-of-the-chest"},{"name":"Zdjęcie rentgenowskie klatki piersiowej","alias":"chest-x-ray"},{"name":"PET-CT z galem 68 (DOTATATE)","alias":"pet-ct-with-gallium-68dotatate"},{"name":"USG gruczołów piersiowych","alias":"breast-ultrasound"},{"name":"Test genetyczny FoundationOne®CDx","alias":"foundationonercdx-test"},{"name":"Biopsja stereotaktyczna","alias":"stereotaxic-biopsy"},{"name":"Biopsja pod kontrolą tomografii komputerowej","alias":"ct-scan-guided-biopsy"},{"name":"Skanowanie jodem radioaktywnym (131)","alias":"diagnostic-iodine-131-scanning"},{"name":"Badanie przesiewowe w kierunku raka skóry za pomocą dermatoskopii (czerniak i nowotwory inne niż czerniak)","alias":"skin-cancer-screening-with-dermoscopy-melanoma-and-non-melanoma"},{"name":"Mapowanie znamion i cyfrowa dermoskopia do oceny znamion","alias":"mole-mapping-and-digital-dermoscopy-for-mole-assessment"},{"name":"Dermatoskopia","alias":"dermatoscopy"},{"name":"USG tarczycy","alias":"thyroid-ultrasound"},{"name":"Szczegółowe badanie 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